`U  @@@ @@@@**B9>Z EN DB      & . 6GVncr #a W I =1 C^g ~8=  7B !-13* Nakanishi1998!"? Nakano20000* Nakata19989Nakatani1998 Nakazawa1997O Nan2001P Narusue2001 Nau2001? Nemoto20000Q Nery20011 Nezu19999= Niinobu1999 Niinobu2000: Niinobu20009 Niinobu2001" Nishiguchi1999, Nishiguchi2000& Nishiharu1997' Nishiharu1997( Nishiharu1998 Nishimura1999- Nishimura1999 Nishimura2000. Noguchi1985 Noguchi2001$ Nomura19999H Obi2001R Obi2002" Ochi19999 Ogata2000 Ogata2000: Ogata2000 Ogawa1998( Ogawa1998 Ogawa2001 Ohmoto1999 Ohmoto1999 Ohmoto1999) Ohmoto1999! Ohmoto2000 Ohmoto2001) Ohno19999E Ohno2001 Ohtani19955@ Okamoto1996 Okamoto1998 Okamoto1998 Okamoto2000S Okamoto2001 Okamura1999K Okita2001+ Okubo1996 Okumura20005 Olmi19889H Omata2001R Omata2002+ Onji19966 Ono1997 Ono1998 Ono1998@ Oriyama1996J Pacelli1999O Peng20011Q Pinna2001I Pisa20016Reinbold19910 Roehrborn19998 Roy19965 Rubino19888 Sagara19959 Saito2000 Saito2000 Saito2000? Saitoh20000" Sakaguchi1999 Sakaguchi2000, Sakaguchi2000 Sakai1998? Sakai2000 Sakai2001? Sanada20000" Sasaki19999 Sasaki20000 Sasaki20000E Sasaki2001P Sasaki20011$ Saso19999 Sato19949 Sato19951 Sato1996 Sato19961+ Sato1996+ Sato19966* Sato1998 Sato1999 Sato1999 Sato1999 Satoh1994= Satoh19997 Savard1996 Schwade1990 Seki1994 Seki1999" Seki1999i- Seki1999 Seki2000, Seki2000Q Seki20010 Shariat1999 Shibata1999) Shibata1999= Shibata1999= Shibata1999 Shibata2000 Shibata2000: Shibata20009 Shibata2001H Shibayama2001H Shiina20010R Shiina2002 Shimada1998 Shimada20019 Shimizu2001Shinzawa2000" Shiomi19999, Shiomi20002Shiomori2001K Shirahashi2001  Shirakusa1998H Shiratori2001 Shiro1994 Shiroyama1998# Su19989O Su20010Sugahara20000M Sugano2001S Sugino20011 Sugita19999( Sumi1998 Suzuki19979 Suzuki2000. Tabuse1985> Tabuse1998 Tachibana1996D Taflove1998 Takahashi1995& Takahashi1997' Takahashi1997% Takahashi1998( Takahashi1998 Takahashi2000P Takahashi2001 Takai1998= Takami19999 Takami20000=Takamura19999Takamura2001Takehara20000 Takesue1999) Takesue1999 Tamai1999- Tamai1999 Tamai2000Q Tamura2001@ Tanaka19969@ Tanaka19969 Tanaka20010/ Tang1993 Tashima1998 Tashiro2000 Taylor1999:Q Tekin2001  Terashima2000HTeratani20011RTeratani2002 Terui2000 Togashi2000 Tokui1999 Tokui1999 Tokui19992 Tri1998Tsuchiya20000 Tsuduki1999) Tsuduki1999! Tsuduki2000 Tsuzuki1999Q Tzakis20011 Uchihara2001Uchiyama19949P Uda2001 Ueda19961+ Ueda19961 Ueda19999' Urata19975 Vanni19883 Wagrell1996 Wakabayashi1994 Wakabayashi1999- Wakabayashi1999 Wakabayashi2000# Wang19988# Wang19988O Wang20011Watanabe1995Watanabe1996+Watanabe1996 Watanabe19988*Watanabe1998Watanabe1999Watanabe1999Watanabe1999Watanabe20000PWatanabe2001Q Weppler20012Whitlock1998A Xie2001# Xin1998/ Xu19939? Yagi2000 Yamaguchi1998? Yamaguchi2000Yamamoto1999Yamamoto1999Yamamoto1999)Yamamoto1999!Yamamoto2000Yamamoto2001@Yamanaka1996KYamasaki2001 Yamashiki1999- Yamashiki1999 Yamashiki2000Q Yamashiki2001 Yamashita1995& Yamashita1997' Yamashita1997  Yamashita1998( Yamashita1998. Yamaue19855 Yano19981 Yano19991S Yano20010 Yashima1999 Yogita20000? Yoshiba2000E Yoshida2001 Yoshimatsu1995& Yoshimatsu1997' Yoshimatsu1997Yoshioka1998? Yoshizawa2000/ Yu19939# Yu19989O Yu20010O Yu20010 Yuge1998 Yuri19949# Zeng19988/ Zhang1993/ Zheng1993/ Zhou199393/ Zhou1993/ Zhou19931993/ Zhou1993/ Zhou199393/ Zhou199331993Sakaguchi2000, Sakaguchi2000 Sakai1998 Sakai2001" Sasaki19999 Sasaki20000 Sasaki20000$ Saso19999 Sato19949 Sato19951 Sato1996 Sato19961+ Sato1996+ Sato19966* Sato1998 Sato1999 Sato1999 Sato1999 Satoh19947 Savard1996 Schwade1990 Seki1994 Seki1999" Seki1999i- Seki1999 Seki2000, Seki20000 Shariat1999 Shibata1999) Shibata1999= Shibata1999 Shibata2000 Shibata2000: Shibata2000; Shibata2000< Shibata20009 Shibata2001 Shimada1998 Shimada20019 Shimizu2001Shinzawa2000" Shiomi19999, Shiomi20002Shiomori2001  Shirakusa1998 Shiro1994 Shiroyama1998# Su19989Sugahara20000 Sugita19999( Sumi1998 Suzuki19979 Suzuki2000. Tabuse1985 Tachibana1996 Takahashi1995& Takahashi1997' Takahashi1997% Takahashi1998( Takahashi1998 Takahashi2000 Takai1998 Takami20000; Takami200009Takamura2001Takehara20000 Takesue1999) Takesue1999 Tamai1999- Tamai1999 Tamai2000 Tanaka20010/ Tang1993 Tashima1998 Tashiro2000 Taylor1999:  Terashima2000 Terui2000 Togashi2000 Tokui1999 Tokui1999 Tokui19992 Tri1998Tsuchiya20000 Tsuduki1999) Tsuduki1999! Tsuduki2000 Tsuzuki1999 Uchihara2001Uchiyama19949 Ueda19961+ Ueda19961 Ueda19999' Urata19974Vanni5 Vanni19883 Wagrell1996 Wakabayashi1994 Wakabayashi1999- Wakabayashi1999 Wakabayashi2000# Wang19988# Wang19988Watanabe1995Watanabe1996+Watanabe1996 Watanabe19988*Watanabe1998Watanabe1999Watanabe1999Watanabe1999Watanabe200002Whitlock1998# Xin1998/ Xu19939 Yamaguchi1998Yamamoto1999Yamamoto1999Yamamoto1999)Yamamoto1999!Yamamoto2000Yamamoto2001 Yamashiki1999- Yamashiki1999 Yamashiki2000 Yamashita1995& Yamashita1997' Yamashita1997  Yamashita1998( Yamashita1998. Yamaue19855 Yano19981 Yano19991 Yashima1999 Yogita20000 Yoshimatsu1995& Yoshimatsu1997' Yoshimatsu1997Yoshioka1998/ Yu19939# Yu19989 Yuge1998 Yuri19949# Zeng19988/ Zhang1993/ Zheng1993/ Zhou1993#, !& "#8-6/275 $0%19 Authors.yJournals (Keywords '[                               @ . p Abe, T. Abe, Y. Abitbol, A. Akehi, S. Ali, H.O.Andreuccetti, DAndreuccetti, D. Aoki, M. Aoyama, O. Arakawa, A. Aramaki, M. Asahara, T. Asahina, Y. Babij, T. Beppu, T. Berho, M. Bernardi, P. Bini, M Bini, M. Blais, A.Blute, Michael L. Bolmsjo, M.Bostwick, D. G.Bridges, J. E. Cavagnaro, M. Chen, H.H. Chen, Jun-wei Cheng, L. Cheng, Z. Cooper, A. Corica, A. Corica, F. A.Deardorff, D.L.Diederich, C.J. Djavan, B.Djavan, B. O. B.Dodd, G. D., 3rd Dohi, K. Dong, B. Dong, B.W. Egawa, H. Eliasson, T. Enomoto, N.Erlandsson, B.-E. Fujieda, N. Fujii, H. Fukuda, S. Fukuda, T. Fukuda, Y. Fukushima, Y. Furukawa, K. Furuse, M.Ghawidel, Keywan Gottlieb, C. Habu, D. Haga, H. Hagmann, M.Hagness, S. C. Hallin, A. Hamada, Y. Hamamura, K. Hamazoe, R. Harada, M. Harada, T. Hayashi, N. Himeno, Y. Hino, H. Hironaka, K. Hirooka, Y. Hirota, M. Hirota, N. Horigome, H. Horiuchi, S. Houdek, P. Hozumi, M. Huang, Jie-fuHuang, Xiong-qing Hurter, W. Hyodoh, H. Hyodoh, K.Iczkowski, K. A. Idani, H. Ido, K. Igarashi, T. Ignesti, A Ignesti, A. Ikeda, K. Ikeyama, S. Imamura, M. Inoue, K. Iseki, S. Ishibashi, K. Ishida, T. Ishikawa, M. Ishikawa, T. Isoda, N. Itakura, J. Itamoto, T. Itho, T. Itoh, M. Iwaba, A. Iwasaki, A. Izumi, N. Johnson, C.D. Jomura, H. Kadoya, H. Kaibara, N. Kanazawa, N. Kaneko, A. Kaouk, Z. Kashu, Y. Katayama, K. Kato, T. Katoh, T. Katsumi, M. Kawabe, J. Kawachi, K. Kawamoto, C. Kawano, K. Kawata, S. Khair, A. A. Khan, F. Khebir, A. Kigure, T. Kikuchi, H. Kim, H. Kim, T. Kimura, K. Kimura, S. Kin, H. Kitada, T. Kitamoto, M. Kitano, S. Kito, K. Kobayashi, Y. Koh, Y. Kohno, T. Kohtani, T. Koike, Y. Kojima, Y. Kono, H. Kubo, S. Kuboki, M. Kumada, K. Kunieda, K. Kunieda, T. Kurachi, K. Kurokawa, F. Kuroki, T. Kusano, N. Labonte, S. Larson, T. R.Larson, Thayne R. Lee, T. Legault, S.R. Levi, D. Lewin, A.Leyendecker, J. R. Li, S.Liang, Li-jian Liang, P. Lin, J. C. Liu, Li Lorenz, W.J. Lu, Ming-de Ma, Z.C. Maekawa, T. Marberger, M.Marberger, MichaelMarubayashi, S. Marutsuka, T. Matsuda, M. Matsuda, T. Matsukawa, T. Matsumoto, Y. Matsuo, A. Matsuo, T.Mattiasson, A.Midorikawa, T.Mitsuhashi, H. Mitsui, Y. Mitsuzaki, K. Miyake, H. Miyake, I. Miyake, S. Miyano, S. Miyauchi, T. Moffat, F. Monden, M. Mori, K.  (Acta Radiologica,&AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology(%AJR.American Journal of Roentgenology($American Journal of Gastroenterology American Journal of Surgery British Journal of Urology CancerClinical Nuclear MedicineDigestive Surgery EndoscopyGastroenterology Gastrointestinal EndoscopyHepato-Gastroenterology(%Hiroshima Journal of Medical SciencesIEEE Trans Biomed Eng0+IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering84IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and TechniquesInt J Hyperthermia$ International Journal of Urology J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg,'Journal of Computer Assisted TomographyJournal of Endourology Journal of Gastroenterology0,Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery(#Journal of Laparoendoscopic Surgery(%Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging83Journal of Microwave Power & Electromagnetic Energy Journal of Urology January4.Journal of Vascular & Interventional RadiologyMedical Physics OncologyRadiation MedicineRadiology RadiologySeminars in Liver Disease Seminars in Surgical Oncology Surgery TodaySurgical Endoscopy Transplantation Proceedings UrologyWorld Journal of Surgery  u*Ascitic Fluid(#*Brachytherapy/is [Instrumentation],'*Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/th [Therapy],(*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology]83*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ri [Radionuclide Imaging]0+*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/rt [Radiotherapy],&*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/su [Surgery]\Mi,&*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy]4.*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/us [Ultrasonography]("*Carcinoma,Renal Cell/th [Therapy]*Catheter Ablation0+*Chemoembolization,Therapeutic/mt [Methods]($*Colorectal Neoplasms/pa [Pathology]*Computer Simulation *Diathermy*Diathermy/mt [Methods]*Electrocoagulation,(*Electrocoagulation/ae [Adverse Effects]$ *Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods]r *Embolization, Therapeutic*Endosonography(%*Ethanol/ad [Administration & Dosage] *Ethanol/tu [Therapeutic Use]$!*Hepatectomy/is [Instrumentation]*Hepatectomy/mt [Methods] *Hydrothorax*Hyperthermia, Induced(#*Hyperthermia, Induced/mt [Methods](%*Hyperthermia, Induced/st [Standards]*Hyperthermia,Induced0**Hyperthermia,Induced/is [Instrumentation]("*Hyperthermia,Induced/mt [Methods]$*Kidney Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Laparoscopya*Laparoscopy/mt [Methods]$*Light Coagulation/mt [Methods]("*Liver Circulation/ph [Physiology] *Liver Diseases/su [Surgery]0**Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/su [Surgery]$*Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology]$!*Liver Neoplasms/ra [Radiography]0**Liver Neoplasms/ri [Radionuclide Imaging]("*Liver Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy]$*Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] *Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy](%*Liver Neoplasms/us [Ultrasonography]*Liver/bs [Blood Supply]*Liver/pa [Pathology]*Liver/ra [Radiography] *Liver/re [Radiation Effects]*Liver/su [Surgery] *Magnetic Resonance Imaging *Microwaves$ *Microwaves/ae [Adverse Effects]$ *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use]r *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,(*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/th [Therapy] *Neoplasm Recurrence,Local,'*Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/su [Surgery]*Neoplasm Seeding($*Peritoneal Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] *Portal Vein *Postoperative Complications(#*Prostatic Hyperplasia/th [Therapy]("*Sarcoma,Experimental/su [Surgery]Sur0-*Sodium Chloride/ad [Administration & Dosage]*Thrombosis/et [Etiology] *Tomography, X-Ray Computed *Tomography,X-Ray Computed$ *Ultrasonic Therapy/mt [Methods](%*Ultrasonography/is [Instrumentation]0 (alpha-Fetoproteins)0 (Contrast Media)$!63503-12-8 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)64-17-5 (Ethanol) 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) 80529-93-7 (Gadolinium DTPA)Administration, Cutaneous Adolescence41Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/tu [Therapeutic Use]Adultadverse effectsAgedeAged, 80 and overAged,80 and over/Air$Alanine Transaminase/bl [Blood]$ alpha-Fetoproteins/an [Analysis]("alpha-Fetoproteins/me [Metabolism] analysisAnesthesia,Local Angiography Animalma,Arteriovenous Anastomosis$!Aspartate Transaminase/bl [Blood]Balloon Dilatation Biophysics BiopsyBiopsy, Needle Biopsy,NeedlebloodBlood CoagulationBlood Loss,SurgicalBody Temperature0+Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/physiopathologyBreast/physiology0,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*pathology/surgery,(Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mo [Mortality]<8Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/radiography/*surgery,(Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology]0,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology/*therapy0*Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/ra [Radiography]Carcinoma,Hepatocellular(#Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/bl [Blood]0+Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/co [Complications],'Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/di [Diagnosis] , !"-6/$%1 #85 1!&2 80 9"76-7%6@ 331D>Microwave coagulonecrotic therapy for hepatocellular carcinomaHAYamanaka,N. Tanaka,T. Oriyama,T. Furukawa,K. Tanaka,W. Okamoto,E.  199610/1996 ,&*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Diathermy/mt [Methods] *Laparoscopy/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves 331D>Microwave coagulonecrotic therapy for hepatocellular carcinomaHAYamanaka,N. Tanaka,T. Oriyama,T. Furukawa,K. Tanaka,W. Okamoto,E.  199610/1996 ,&*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Diathermy/mt [Methods] *Laparoscopy/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Angiography Biopsy blood Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/di [Diagnosis] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pp [Physiopathology] complications Disease-Free Survival Female Follow-Up Studies Human Liver Liver Neoplasms/di [Diagnosis] Liver Neoplasms/pp [Physiopathology] Male Middle Age Morbidity mortality Necrosis Radiation Retrospective Studies surgery Survival Rate therapy Tomography,X-Ray Computed United States 1076-1081World Journal of Surgery20860The present study reports on the usefulness of microwave coagulonecrotic therapy (MCT) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor hepatic reserve. From June 1992 to March 1995, MCT using a microwave electrode was employed on 8 patients using laparoscopic control and 19 with the open method, and wedge resection (Hx) was applied to the 23 patients. All patients had HCC with poor hepatic reserve. Radiation output was 100 watts with a mean radiation duration of about 30 minutes. The severity of liver dysfunction and the regional characteristics of the tumor (tumor size, multiplicity, portal invasion, tumor depth) were comparable between the MCT and Hx groups. The operative time was significantly shorter for the MCT group than the Hx group. The mean blood loss was 1570 ml in the Hx group but negligible in the MCT group. There was no operative mortality in the MCT group in contrast to 4.3% (1 of 23) in the Hx group. Complications were observed in 11.1% (3 of 27) and 34.8% (8 of 23), respectively, for the MCT and Hx groups. The postoperative total bilirubin had lower values and the start of diet was earlier in the MCT group than the Hx group. The 3-year crude and disease-free survival rates were 86% and 44%, respectively, for patients who underwent MCT, which were comparable to 75% and 14% for those with Hx. MCT can achieve long-term results equivalent to those obtained by wedge resections, but it is less invasive and technically easier. Therefore it can be an alternative option in place of limited resection for HCC with poor hepatic reservexqDB - MEDLINE UI - 96394713 IN - First Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663, Japan JC - xo8, XO8, XO8, 7704052 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199611 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199611 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0364-2313$ Hyodoh,H. Furuse,M. Kawamo,%Horigome,H. Nomura,T. Saso,K. Itoh,M. 1999Standards for selecting percutaneous ethanol injection therapy or percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma: consideration of local recurrenceE*$American Journal of Gastroenterology947[ 1914-1917  7/1999PEIT vs. MCT for HCC <31mm. 60w 120s, mean 4 sessions. F/U ~26+/-14mo. 14/15 PEIT and 15/43 MCT with local recurrence. MCT significantly better for <16mm. MCT lesions 25x15mm. 473s*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Ethanol/ad [Administration & Dosage] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] *Neoplasm Recurrence,Local 64-17-5 (Ethanol) Aged analysis Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/mo [Mortality] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] Contrast Media Ethanol Female Human Injections,Intralesional Liver Neoplasms/mo [Mortality] Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Male methods Multivariate Analysis Recurrence Survival Rate therapy United States Cell DifferentiationjcOBJECTIVE: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) are effective treatments for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are no clear standards, however, for the selection of PEIT or PMCT. We determined standards based on local recurrence. METHODS: The subjects were 88 patients with solitary HCC measuring < or = 30 mm in diameter, who were treated by PEIT (n = 45) or PMCT (n = 43) and judged to be cured using computerized tomography (CT) with contrast medium after treatment. Patient characteristics, including age, gender, viral markers, Child-Pugh classification, tumor size, tumor cell differentiation, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration we analyzed, and the factors influencing the local recurrence in the PEIT and PMCT groups were determined, using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis indicated that tumor cell differentiation and serum AFP concentration influenced local recurrence in the PEIT group, and tumor size did so in the PMCT group. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor cell differentiation influenced local recurrence in the PEIT group, and tumor size did so in the PMCT group. PEIT was effective for treating well-differentiated HCC, and PMCT was effective for treating HCC measuring < or = 15 mm in diameter. PMCT was superior to PEIT for treating patients with HCC measuring < or = 15 mm in diameter. In such cases with well-differentiated HCC, PEIT was as effective as PMCT. CONCLUSIONS: The selection of PEIT or PMCT to treat patients with HCC should be based on tumor size and cell differentiationf_DB - MEDLINE UI - 99332892 IN - First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan JC - 3he, 0421030 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990727 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990727 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0002-9270rthermia,Induced/mt [Methods] 248LEEffect of a microwave coagulator on implanted liver neoplasms in rats0*Chen,H.H. Cooper,A. Taylor,I. Johnson,C.D. 1999 1999*Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/su [Surgery] *Liver/pa [Pathology] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] *Sarcoma,Experimental/su [Surgery] Animal Combined Modality Therapy Comparative Study Disease Models,Animal Laparotomy/mt [Methods] Liver Liver Neoplasms Liver/su [Surgery] Rats Rats,Inbred Strains Recurrence Reference Values surgery Treatment Outcome Neoplasms Laparotomy140-144Digestive Surgery162An experimental study was conducted to determine the applicability of a microwave (MW) source for coagulation and dissection of metastatic tumour and liver parenchyma. Twenty PVG rats were studied after implantation of MC28 tumour cells into the liver. Eleven days later they underwent sham laparotomy (control) MW coagulation of the tumour deposit, local resection of the tumour deposit with 2 mm clearance or resection of the tumour with MW coagulation of the resection zone. The control animals all died with blood-stained ascites and heavy tumour burden in the liver. After MW coagulation, tumours disappeared in all but one rat. Local resection also led to tumour clearance in 4 of 5 rats. MW coagulation of the resection zone allowed rapid bloodless resection, and no tumour recurrence was observed after 40-89 days. We conclude that MW coagulation is a potentially useful tool for ablation of hepatic metastasis and as an adjunct to hepatic resectionyDB - MEDLINE UI - 99225745 IN - Department of Surgery, Third Hospital and School of Clinical Medicine of Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China JC - c8c, C8C Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990722 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990722 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0253-4886n#BRKDong,B.W. Liang,P. Yu,X.L. Zeng,X.Q. Wang,P.J. Su,L. Wang,X.D. Xin,H. Li,S.  1998pjSonographically guided microwave coagulation treatment of liver cancer: an experimental and clinical study,%AJR.American Journal of Roentgenology 1712449-454 8/1998^WSelf-made generator @ 2450MHz. Technique involved multiple punctures with 2 emissions per puncture. In vitro testing of antenna length, power (40-80W), and duration(60-360s) to develop most spherical lesion. In vivo dog - histology showed central char zone, coagulated zone with cellular degeneration and incomplete necrosis immediately and complete necrosis after 3days, and congested reactive zone with tissue edema immediately and inflammatory reaction after 3 and 7 days. Temp gradient 146C at central zone, 82-96C at 5mm, 70-86 at 8-10mm, 59-65 at 13mm, and 46-57 at 15mm. In vivo human with HCC - 46/58 decreased in size. Loss of CT enhancement in 32/38. Post-treatment Bx at 1-3mos with complete replacement of tumor by fibrosis in 18/19. IN vivo human with mets - 21/25 became smaller, 8/11 lost CT enhancement, 5/6 complete response on second Bx.r 4838 *Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Hyperthermia,Induced/is [Instrumentation] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Ultrasonography/is [Instrumentation] Adult Aged Animal Biopsy Biopsy,Needle blood Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] Dogs Electrodes Equipment Design Female Human In Vitro Laparotomy Liver Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] Liver/pa [Pathology] Liver/us [Ultrasonography] Male methods Microwaves Middle Age Necrosis Needles Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Swine Temperature United States.'OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous microwave coagulation was performed with a modified system in animal experiments and in a clinical study to evaluate this technique as a treatment option for liver cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: As an in vitro study, a microwave electrode was inserted 5-6 cm into separated egg white, homogenate of pig liver, and pig liver, with different power outputs and different lengths of inner conductors. In the animal experiment, the sonographically guided coagulation was performed percutaneously nine times and at laparotomy 43 times on 17 adult dogs. The thermal needles were placed parallel to and 5 mm, 8-12 mm, and 15 mm from the electrode. Clinically, 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 10 patients with hepatic metastases were treated with a 60-W microwave emission for 240-300 sec. RESULTS: Microwave coagulation using the modified system at 60 W for 300 sec produced a necrosis volume of 3.7 x 2.6 x 2.6 cm. The coagulated volume was elliptic when the exposed inner conductor of the electrode was 27 mm. The temperature at the periphery was 62.0 +/- 5.8 degrees C. During a mean follow-up period of 23 months, in 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 79% (46/58) of lesions became smaller, and the intratumoral blood flow disappeared in 89% (47/53). All tumors showed decreased density on unenhanced CT, and 84% (32/38) of tumors showed no enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT. In 21 patients with an elevated alpha-fetoprotein level, the level decreased in all 21 and was normalized in 17. A second biopsy on 19 patients showed complete destruction of tumor in 18. In 10 patients with hepatic metastases, the mean follow-up period was 13 months. Shrinkage of lesions occurred in 84% (21/25), and the blood flow inside the tumor disappeared in 75% (12/16) of lesions. Seventy-three percent (8/11) of the nodules showed no enhancement. A second biopsy on six patients showed complete necrosis in five. CONCLUSION: Sonographically guided microwave coagulation performed with this modified system was an effective and safe treatment for liver cancervpDB - MEDLINE UI - 98357846 IN - Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China JC - 3ae, 3AE, 3AE, 7708173 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19980817 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19980817 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0361-803X 369f`Preclinical evaluation of submillimeter diameter microwave interstitial hyperthermia applicatorsXRGottlieb,C. Moffat,F. Hagmann,M. Babij,T. Abitbol,A. Lewin,A. Houdek,P. Schwade,J. 1990 1990*Brachytherapy/is [Instrumentation] *Hyperthermia,Induced/is [Instrumentation] Animal Diathermy/is [Instrumentation] Equipment Design Evaluation Studies In Vitro Liver Models,Structural Radiation Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Swine149-160:3Journal of Microwave Power & Electromagnetic Energy253Ultra miniature coaxial cable has been used, with microscopic techniques, to fabricate interstitial hyperthermia applicators having diameters of 0.20 mm, 0.33 mm, and 0.58 mm; commercial applicators have a diameter of 1.1 mm. Animal studies with the 0.33 mm diameter applicators have shown that they produce less local tissue trauma than the larger-diameter devices. All of these applicators operate at 915 MHz and have similar heating patterns because they use the conventional monopole design and the catheters have been approximately scaled to the dimensions of each size applicator. We have measured the heating (SAR) patterns of these applicators in tissue-simulating phantoms, both singly and in arrays, using a miniature electric field probe. As an intermediate step to patient trials, we have examined the ability of these applicators to provide effective heating of perfused tissue, using pig thigh and liver as models. Test results suggest that the durability and power handling capabilities of our submillimeter applicators are adequate for use in patients. These new applicators should be useful in the percutaneous treatment of deep-seated tumors and in intraoperative treatments. The applicators also permit intraluminal or intravascular access to tumorsXRDB - MEDLINE UI - 91093910 IN - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL 33101 JC - jme, 8706313 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199102 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199102 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0832-78233 1996 TY - JOUR<6The heat is on - but how? A comparison of TUMT devices British Journal of Urology784\564-572{VPBolmsjo, M. Wagrell, L. Hallin, A. Eliasson, T. Erlandsson, B.-E. Mattiasson, A.f`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1G-3R7YJR2-YH/1/0162a732e80fc27e0a1a4ae86bb8d66d>8Objective: To compare the heat characteristics of the microwave antennae, the absorbed energy in the target volume and the cooling capacity of the catheters of three common devices for transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), i.e. the Prostcare, Prostatron and ProstaLund. Materials and methods: The microwave emission from the respective catheters or antennae was measured in a tissue-equivalent 'phantom' prostate. From these measurements the distribution of absorbed energy from the respective catheters and antennae was calculated from the characteristics of the phantom, the absorbed energy and the temperature difference before and after heating. The cooling capacity of the different catheters were measured by submerging each catheter in a thermally isolated water bath at a known temperature and determining the cooling of the water bath caused by the catheter. Results: The design of the microwave antenna influenced the heating profile significantly. The energy absorbed by the prostate model varied among the devices, but was between 13 and 21% of the stated applied energy. The cooling capacity also varied, being least in the Prostcare and greatest in the ProstaLund catheters. Conclusions: Users of TUMT should be aware of possible back-heating along the catheter, as this limits the microwave power that can be used safely. Furthermore, the 'treatment energy', which is commonly used as an indicator to describe the intensity of TUMT treatments, is ambiguous and not stringent, in that the microwave energy absorbed in the prostate is only a small fraction of this value. 248LEEffect of a microwave coagulator on implanted liver neoplasms in rats0*Chen,H.H. Cooper,A. Taylor,I. Johnson,C.D. 1999 1999*Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/su [Surgery] *Liver/pa [Pathology] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] *Sarcoma,Experimental/su [Surgery] Animal Combined Modality Therapy Comparative Study Disease Models,Animal Laparotomy/mt [Methods] Liver Liver Neoplasms Liver/su [Surgery] Rats Rats,Inbred Strains Recurrence Reference Values surgery Treatment Outcome Neoplasms Laparotomy140-144Digestive Surgery162An experimental study was conducted to determine the applicability of a microwave (MW) source for coagulation and dissection of metastatic tumour and liver parenchyma. Twenty PVG rats were studied after implantation of MC28 tumour cells into the liver. Eleven days later they underwent sham laparotomy (control) MW coagulation of the tumour deposit, local resection of the tumour deposit with 2 mm clearance or resection of the tumour with MW coagulation of the resection zone. The control animals all died with blood-stained ascites and heavy tumour burden in the liver. After MW coagulation, tumours disappeared in all but one rat. Local resection also led to tumour clearance in 4 of 5 rats. MW coagulation of the resection zone allowed rapid bloodless resection, and no tumour recurrence was observed after 40-89 days. We conclude that MW coagulation is a potentially useful tool for ablation of hepatic metastasis and as an adjunct to hepatic resectionyDB - MEDLINE UI - 99225745 IN - Department of Surgery, Third Hospital and School of Clinical Medicine of Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China JC - c8c, C8C Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990722 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990722 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0253-4886 nine rabbits. The histological findings after PMCT were evaluated in the cadaveric and living livers, and the areas of coagulation necrosis were correlated with the ultrasound findings. RESULTS: After microwave emission, coagulation necrosis of a spindle shape occurred primarily from the base of the electrode. The maximum area of coagulation was obtained at 60 seconds. The maximum temperature of cadaveric liver under PMCT was 95 degrees at 3 mm from the electrode; that of living liver was 85.1 degrees at 5 mm. Ultrasound revealed hyperechoic areas after PMCT in both cadaveric and living livers. On microscopy, parenchymal necrosis of the liver was observed only in living livers one month after MCT. Hyperechoic areas measured with ultrasound were significantly larger than the actual necrotic areas (p < 0.01), probably due to air bubbles which developed within the tissue. CONCLUSIONS: PMCT completely coagulated the liver tissue around the electrode. These preliminary results indicate that PMCT should be an effective treatment for hepatic neoplasms. In terms of clinical application, the hyperechoic areas observed during PMCT appear to be considerably larger than the areas actually treatedLEDB - MEDLINE UI - 97457093 IN - Department of Radiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan JC - rad, 8412264 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - Japan PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199710 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199710 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0288-2043 @@ KRK9IEFAOGQ SHMP:,!? 1-)="J$0 >*(2%D#'& @+873 /65.?tes PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990317 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990317 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0361-803Xicle LG - English EM - 199707 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199707 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0016-5107i :J QV7 1996 TY - JOURJCA finite element model of a microwave catheter for cardiac ablation:4IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques442 1848-1854&Kaouk, Z. Khebir, A. Savard, P.shahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WS6-4020N8H-3KJ/1/7cea5e99fbb41552d8ef440031689ee7l|To investigate the delivery of microwave energy by a catheter located inside the heart for the purpose of ablating small abnormal regions producing cardiac arrhythmias, a numerical model was developed. This model is based on the finite element method and can solve both the electromagnetic field and the temperature distribution resulting from the radiated power for axisymmetrical geometries. The antenna, which is fed by a coaxial cable with a 2.4 mm diameter, is constituted by a monopole which is terminated by a metallic cylindrical cap. The heart model can be either homogeneous or constituted of coaxial cylindrical shells with different electrical and thermal conductivities representing the intracavitary blood masses, the heart, and the torso. Experimental measurements obtained in an homogeneous tissue equivalent medium, such as the reflection coefficient of the antenna at different frequencies and for different monopole lengths, the radial and axial steady-state temperature profiles, end the time course of the temperature rise, were all in close agreement with the values computed with the model, accurate modeling is a useful prerequisite for the design of antennas, and these results confirm the validity of the catheter-heart model for the investigation and the development of microwave catheters. [Journal Article; U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code: 0018-9480/96/$ 05.00; 23 Refs]Kato, T. Tamura, S. Tekin, A. Yamashiki, N. Seki, T. Berho, M. Weppler, D. Izumi, N. Levi, D. Khan, F. Pinna, A. Nery, J. Tzakis, A. G.~wUse of microwave coagulation therapy in liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary report"Transplantation Proceedings 200133 1-2 1469pjKhair, A. A. Pacelli, A. Iczkowski, K. A. Cheng, L. Corica, F. A. Larson, T. R. Corica, A. Bostwick, D. G.|Does transurethral microwave thermotherapy have a different effect on prostate cancer than on benign or hyperplastic tissue?UrologyB 1999541h 67-72v OBJECTIVES: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy is useful for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but its effect on cancer is not documented. We analyzed the pathologic changes occurring after microwave thermotherapy in whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with cancer. METHODS: Nine patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with transurethral microwave thermotherapy (Urologix Targis System). Patients ranged in age from 64 to 72 years (mean 68). Seven patients underwent prostatectomy 4 to 90 hours after thermotherapy, and 2 other patients underwent prostatectomy 12 months after thermotherapy. Whole mount totally embedded prostates were mapped for necrosis and cancer, and the volume of each was measured by the grid method. RESULTS: Pathologic stages were T2a (n = 4), T2b (n = 4), and T3b (n = 1). The prostates from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy within 4 to 90 hours of thermotherapy had a mean prostate weight of 47.4 g (range 19.5 to 70.3). Each consistently showed hemorrhagic necrosis and tissue devitalization without significant inflammation. Necrosis involved contiguous areas of benign epithelium, stroma, and cancer without skip areas. The mean volume of necrosis was 8.8 cc (range 1.4 to 17.8), and the mean percentage of the prostate involved by necrosis was 22% (range 3% to 39%). The necrosis was symmetric around the urethra in 6 of 7 cases. Urethral dilation was observed in 3 patients, and the mean maximum radial distance of necrotic tissue was 1.4 cm (range 0.6 to 1.8). Necrotic change was noted in 80% to 100% of the volume of cancer in 4 cases, 40% to 60% in 2 cases, and 5% in 1 case. The prostates from the 2 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy 12 months after thermotherapy had a mean weight of 88 g (55 and 121 g, respectively). Each showed periurethral fibrosis, nonspecific chronic inflammation, and squamous metaplasia of the urothelium. The mean volume of necrosis remaining was 0.2 cc. The mean percentage of the prostate involved by necrosis 1 year after thermotherapy was less than 1%. There was some reabsorption of dead tissue. The mean maximum radial distance of the necrotic tissue was 0.4 cm (0.2 and 0.7 cm, respectively). The prostatic urethra had viable and partially denuded urothelium in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave thermotherapy is clinically useful for ablation of benign prostate and cancer contiguous to the urethra, resulting in hemorrhagic necrosis with minimal damage to the urethra. There was no apparent differential morphologic sensitivity of benign prostatic tissue, hyperplastic tissue, or cancer to thermotherapy. 493a`ZExperimental study of microwave coagulation of a VX-2 carcinoma implanted in rabbit kidney6/Kigure,T. Harada,T. Yuri,Y. Fujieda,N. Satoh,Y.d 1994 3/1994f_*Carcinoma,Renal Cell/th [Therapy] *Kidney Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Animal Carcinoma,Renal Cell/pa [Pathology] Carcinoma,Renal Cell/us [Ultrasonography] Kidney Kidney Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Kidney Neoplasms/us [Ultrasonography] Male Neoplasm Transplantation Rabbits Survival Rate Treatment Outcome Tumor Cells,Cultured  23-27c& International Journal of Urology1u1pThis paper describes the results of an experimental study of the microwave coagulation of VX-2 renal tumors implanted in rabbits. The rabbits undergoing microwave treatment exhibited a satisfactory survival rate and a complete response to treatment, as verified by histological examination. All the rabbits receiving no treatment died within 6 weeks of implantation of the VX-2 carcinoma. These results indicate that microwave coagulation may be a curative method of treatment for a relatively small renal tumor. Intraoperative real-time ultrasonic scanning permits the percutaneous microwave coagulation of renal cancer in a clinical situationPJDB - MEDLINE UI - 95354009 IN - Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan JC - ce6, CE6, CE6, 9440237 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - Japan PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199509 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199509 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0919-8172=6 "vpMorikawa,H. Shiomi,S. Sasaki,N. Jomura,H. Sakaguchi,H. Nishiguchi,S. Seki,S. Kuroki,T. Kubo,S. Kawabe,J. Ochi,H. 1999Hepatocellular carcinoma monitored by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography after laparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy. Clinical Nuclear Mediciner247l536-538i 7/19990*Case report of recurrence picked up by PET 472*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ri [Radionuclide Imaging] *Liver Neoplasms/ri [Radionuclide Imaging] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] 63503-12-8 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18) Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] Case Report Female Fludeoxyglucose F 18/du [Diagnostic Use] Human Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] Magnetic Resonance Imaging Middle Age Support,Non-U.S.Gov't therapy Tomography,Emission-Computed United StatesovoDB - MEDLINE UI - 99328445 IN - Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan JC - df6, DF6, DF6, 7611109 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990811 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990811 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0363-9762o 492OhbTreatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of percutaneous microwave coagulation. [see comments]PJMurakami,R. Yoshimatsu,S. Yamashita,Y. Matsukawa,T. Takahashi,M. Sagara,K. 1995 5/1995*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged Biopsy,Needle Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/di [Diagnosis] complications Embolization,Therapeutic Female Follow-Up Studies Human Liver Neoplasms/di [Diagnosis] Male methods Microwaves Middle Age Necrosis Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Recurrence therapy Tomography,X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome Ultrasonography United States Neoplasms 1159-1164,%AJR.American Journal of Roentgenology 1645OBJECTIVE. Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is a new therapeutic technique for the treatment of solid neoplasms that uses an energy source different from those of other interstitial therapies. We report our initial experience using PMCT to treat hepatocellular carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS. NIne hepatocellular carcinomas exceeding 3 cm in diameter in nine patients were treated with PMCT. Within 2 weeks before PMCT, all patients had been treated with transcatheter arterial embolization therapy, which had failed to produce complete necrosis of the tumors. PMCT was done under local anesthesia. A 14-gauge guiding needle was inserted percutaneously toward the lesion under sonographic guidance, and a needle electrode was positioned precisely within the lesion. Microwaves of 2450 MHz in frequency were produced for 60 sec with a 60-W emission. Three to 12 microwave emissions were administered in each case. RESULTS. Dynamic CT showed that unenhanced areas indicative of coagulation necrosis developed in all lesions. All lesions appeared smaller without enhancement: on CT, the tumor diameters (mean +/- SD) were 48 +/- 13 mm before treatment and 41 +/- 13 mm 1 month after treatment. Follow-up studies showed that five lesions were controlled without any signs of recurrence. All patients tolerated the treatments well, and no serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION. Our preliminary experience suggests that PMCT may be a useful alternative to other forms of interstitial therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomasDB - MEDLINE UI - 95233254 IN - Department of Radiology, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Japan CM - Comment in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995 May;164(5):1165-7 JC - 3ae, 3AE, 3AE, 7708173 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199505 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199505 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0361-803XpjMurakami, T. Shibata, T. Ishida, T. Niinobu, T. Satoh, T. Takamura, M. Shibata, N. Takami, M. Nakamura, H.tnPercutaneous microwave hepatic tumor coagulation with segmental hepatic blood flow occlusion in seven patients,&AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology 1999 172y3g 637-40^XBalloon Dilatation Combined Modality Therapy Contrast Media *Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Embolization, Therapeutic Female Hepatic Artery Hepatic Veins Human Liver Neoplasms/ra [Radiography] *Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] Male *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Middle Age Portography Tomography, X-Ray ComputedOBJECTIVE: We assess the usefulness of microwave hepatic tumor coagulation therapy with balloon occlusion of segmental hepatic blood flow for eight recurrent metastatic hepatic tumors in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Limited early experience with microwave hepatic tumor coagulation therapy and segmental hepatic blood flow occlusion has been positive, suggesting that further clinical evaluation is warranted. 471ZSPercutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for superficial hepatocellular carcinomar&Ohmoto,K. Miyake,I. Yamamoto,S.o 1999 7/1999^W*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/rt [Radiotherapy] *Liver Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ra [Radiography] Case Report Human Liver Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Liver Neoplasms/ra [Radiography] Male Neoplasm,Residual therapy Tomography,X-Ray Computedp 2426-2428sHepato-Gastroenterologyo4628ZSWe report a 67 year-old man with residual hepatocellular carcinoma after arterial embolization therapy, which was located on both the anterior and inferior surfaces of segment 6 of the liver. Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy could be performed safely and the treated tumor became non-enhancing on contrast computed tomography. Two years after treatment, the tumor remains non-enhancing on contrast computed tomography and has decreased in size. Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy appears to be useful even in patients who have superficial liver tumors associated with cirrhosisjdDB - MEDLINE UI - 99451485 IN - Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan. ohmotok@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp JC - ga7, 8007849 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Greece PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19991104 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19991104 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0172-6390  ',(Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/en [Enzymology],'Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/mo [Mortality],'Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology]on0-Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pp [Physiopathology],)Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ra [Radiography],'Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/sc [Secondary](%Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/su [Surgery](%Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy]0-Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/us [Ultrasonography](#Carcinoma,Renal Cell/pa [Pathology],)Carcinoma,Renal Cell/us [Ultrasonography] Case ReportCatheter AblationCause of DeathCell DifferentiationChildChild,Preschool$Colorectal Neoplasms/bl [Blood](#Colorectal Neoplasms/pa [Pathology]Combined Modality TherapyComparative Study complicationsComputer SimulationContrast Media DiaphragmDiaphragm/su [Surgery] Diathermy$Diathermy/is [Instrumentation]Disease Models,AnimalDisease-Free SurvivalDogs Drainage(#EC 1-1-1-27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase)(#EC 2-6-1-1 (Aspartate Transaminase)$!EC 2-6-1-2 (Alanine Transaminase)0,EC 3-4-21-73 (Urinary Plasminogen Activator)Electric Impedance Electrocoagulation/*methods,'Electrocoagulation/ae [Adverse Effects]Mi,'Electrocoagulation/is [Instrumentation] Electrocoagulation/methods$Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] ElectrodesElectrodes, ImplantedElectromagneticsEmbolization,Therapeutic(#Endosonography/is [Instrumentation] Endosonography/mt [Methods],&Enzyme Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use]Equipment Design Ethanol($Ethanol/ad [Administration & Dosage] Ethanol/tu [Therapeutic Use]Evaluation StudiesFeasibility Studies FemaleagmFever/et [Etiology]$ Finasteride/tu [Therapeutic Use],(Fludeoxyglucose F 18/du [Diagnostic Use]Follow-Up StudiesGadolinium DTPAHematoma/et [Etiology] Hemorrhagehos Hepatectomye $ Hepatectomy/is [Instrumentation]Hepatectomy/mt [Methods]Hepatic Artery$Hepatic Artery/ph [Physiology] Hepatic Veins Hepatic Veins/ph [Physiology] Hepatitis C Hepatitis C/*complications,(Hepatitis,Viral,Human/co [Complications]Human,)Hyperthermia,Induced/is [Instrumentation] In Vitro Incidence InfantInfusions,ParenteralInjections,Intralesional injuriesIntraoperative Period Kidney$Kidney Neoplasms/pa [Pathology](%Kidney Neoplasms/us [Ultrasonography]$ Lactate Dehydrogenase/bl [Blood] Laparoscopes Laparoscopy$ Laparoscopy/is [Instrumentation] LaparotomyOutLaparotomy/*methodsLaparotomy/mt [Methods]pyLight CoagulationLiverLiver Cirrhosisme("Liver Cirrhosis/co [Complications] Liver Cirrhosis/su [Surgery]Liver Diseases Liver Diseases/mo [Mortality] Liver FailureLiver Function TestsLiver NeoplasmsMe0,Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pa [Pathology]0,Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/sc [Secondary]0*Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/su [Surgery]0+Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/pa [Pathology]0+Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/sc [Secondary],)Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/su [Surgery]("Liver Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery Liver Neoplasms/bl [Blood]("Liver Neoplasms/co [Complications]$Liver Neoplasms/di [Diagnosis]$Liver Neoplasms/en [Enzymology]$Liver Neoplasms/mo [Mortality]4.Liver Neoplasms/mortality/radiography/*surgery$Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology]ath("Liver Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy($Liver Neoplasms/pp [Physiopathology]$ Liver Neoplasms/ra [Radiography]$Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery]y Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy]($Liver Neoplasms/us [Ultrasonography]4.Liver/blood supply/pathology/radiation effectsLiver/bs [Blood Supply]Liver/en [Enzymology]Liver/pa [Pathology]P Liver/pp [Physiopathology] *B;Sato,M. Watanabe,Y. Kashu,Y. Nakata,T. Hamada,Y. Kawachi,K.o 1998LESequential percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for liver tumori"American Journal of Surgery 175e4i322-324i 4/1998Disk type introducer with multiple probes.80w 60s. Single diameter 25mm, therfore space multiple probes at 20mm. IN theory use 7 probes to coagulate area up to 50-60mm. IN practice used 2 in 4 patients, 3 in 1pt and 11 in 1pt. 296pj*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Electrocoagulation *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/sc [Secondary] complications Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] Human Liver Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] methods Microwaves Needles Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Recurrence surgery therapy Treatment Outcome United States BACKGROUND: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is effective for small liver tumors. To enhance the radicality of PMCT, we developed a sequential coagulation technique. METHODS: After inserting the first guide-needle under sonography, multiple needles were placed through a disk-type introducer that was devised to guide needle puncture at regular intervals, and microwaves were irradiated. Six patients, including 4 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 with liver metastasis, underwent this technique for tumors of 15 to 80 mm in diameter. RESULTS: This technique can coagulate an area up to 60 mm in diameter in one session. Insertion of multiple needles, ranging from 2 to 11, was successful without complications. Three patients undergoing curative PMCT developed no tumor recurrence. The other 3 received incomplete PMCT due to the large size and location of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study indicates the efficacy of this technique to facilitate and secure PMCT in selected patients with liver tumorse`YDB - MEDLINE UI - 98227613 IN - Department of Surgery II, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan JC - 3z4, 3Z4, 3Z4, 0370473 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19980507 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19980507 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0002-9610e 237xrGeneralized intraperitoneal seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave coagulation therapy: a case reportb[Sato,M. Tokui,K. Watanabe,Y. Lee,T. Kohtani,T. Nezu,K. Kawachi,K. Kito,K. Sugita,A. Ueda,N.M 1999 7/1999 *Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/rt [Radiotherapy] *Liver Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] *Neoplasm Seeding *Peritoneal Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] 0 (alpha-Fetoproteins) alpha-Fetoproteins/an [Analysis] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/di [Diagnosis] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ra [Radiography] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/sc [Secondary] Case Report Human Laparotomy Liver Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Male Microwaves/ae [Adverse Effects] Middle Age Peritoneal Neoplasms/ra [Radiography] surgery therapy Tomography,X-Ray Computed 2561-2564Hepato-Gastroenterology4628We first describe a case of generalized intraperitoneal seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after microwave coagulation therapy (MCT). A 61 year-old man underwent operative MCT for an exophytic HCC, 60 mm in diameter, in segment IV of his cirrhotic liver. Despite successful tumor ablation, the serum alpha-fetoprotein levels continuously rose after MCT. Five months later, radiographic examinations delineated several perihepatic masses with hypervascularity, and the patient presented with constipation. At the second laparotomy, there were numerous small peritoneal metastases involving the entire peritoneal cavity and slightly bloody ascites. An omental mass, 50 mm in diameter, involved the transverse colon. Most of these intraabdominal masses were removed together with the involved colon. Histologically, the initial tumor was a moderately differentiated HCC, and the peritoneal masses were poorly differentiated HCCs. The patient died of rapid tumor progression and bleeding 2 months later. In conclusion, we should be aware of the possible occurrence of peritoneal seeding after MCT for HCC. Every effort should be made to prevent this serious complication, particularly in cases of superficial, large, and less differentiated HCCsPIDB - MEDLINE UI - 99451515 IN - Department of Surgery II, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan JC - ga7, 8007849 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Greece PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19991104 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19991104 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0172-6390, d^Seki,S. Sakaguchi,H. Kadoya,H. Morikawa,H. Habu,D. Nishiguchi,S. Shiomi,S. Kitada,T. Kuroki,T. 2000NGLaparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinomau Endoscopy 328 591-597 8/2000F?3/24 local recurrence, 10/24 intrahepatic recurrence in 1 year.36*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Hyperthermia,Induced/is [Instrumentation] *Laparoscopy *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] Aged Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/mo [Mortality] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] Electrodes Ethanol Female Human Liver Liver Neoplasms/mo [Mortality] Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Liver/pa [Pathology] Male methods Middle Age Recurrence Support,Non-U.S.Gov't Survival Rate therapy Treatment OutcomeNHBACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Several different effective forms of treatment are available, singly or in combination, for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These include surgical resection, transcatheter arterial embolization, percutaneous ethanol injection, and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. In this study, we carried out laparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (LMCT), using laparoscopic microwave electrodes to treat HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Under local anesthesia, 24 patients with HCCs located on or near the liver surface underwent LMCT under direct laparoscopic vision, with ultrasound guidance. LMCT was performed using microwave electrodes with tips ranging from 15-45 mm in length, and the effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) within two weeks of the LMCT procedure. RESULTS: The mean longest axis of the 26 HCC nodules in 24 patients was 20 mm, and that of the coagulated areas including the nodules was 40 mm, with additional therapy being required in two patients. Complete efficacy of the treatment was observed in 21 patients (87.5%), but local recurrences were seen in three of them one year after LMCT. The three-year survival rate was 92%, but the number of patients included in the study was small. Hemostasis was complete, but mild pneumothorax occurred in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: LMCT under local anesthesia is a minimally invasive and effective therapy when carried out on a single occasion to treat HCCs located near the liver surface, and it can be safely performed under direct visual guidancetmDB - MEDLINE UI - 20388890 IN - Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan. s.seki@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp JC - ehp, EHP, EHP, 0215166 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Germany PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 20010108. Entry Week: 20010108 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0013-726X performed on 18 patients with single small HCC. A microwave electrode (custom-made, 30-cm long by 1.6-mm thick) was inserted percutaneously into the tumor area under ultrasonic guidance. Microwaves at 60 W for 120 seconds were used to irradiate the tumor and surrounding area. RESULTS. After PMCT was administered, various image findings were correlated with tissue necrosis. At the tumor and surrounding area, ultrasonography showed echogenic change, contrast enhancement disappeared on contrast enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (T2-weighted image) showed decreased intensity in all cases after treatment. Complete necrosis of the tumor area in a specimen obtained from one patient who underwent hepatectomy after PMCT also was confirmed. The treatment reduced levels of the tumor marker, alpha-fetoprotein, which had been high in some patients. Although the follow-up period was short (11-33 months), 17 patients remain alive. Local recurrence in the treated area has not been detected, and no serious side effects or complications have been encountered. CONCLUSIONS. PMCT may be an effective and safe treatment for small HCCs zsDB - MEDLINE UI - 94313524 IN - Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan JC - clz, CLZ, CLZ, 0374236 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199408 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199408 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0008-543X[ - &`YSeki,T. Wakabayashi,M. Nakagawa,T. Imamura,M. Tamai,T. Nishimura,A. Yamashiki,N. Inoue,K.s 1999Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for solitary metastatic liver tumors from colorectal cancer: a pilot clinical study. [see comments]*$American Journal of Gastroenterology942322-327 2/199915 patients with met colorectal ca <3cm. 80w for 60s for lesion 3x2cm.Repeated 3-10 times in 1-3 sessions per tumor. 13/15 complete response. No local recurrence. 261*Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] *Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged Colorectal Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] complications Feasibility Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Human Liver Liver Neoplasms/mo [Mortality] Lung Male methods Microwaves Middle Age Pilot Projects Recurrence therapy Time Factors Treatment Outcome United StatesnOBJECTIVE: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) was performed for metachronous small solitary liver tumors measuring < or = 3.0 cm in diameter that had metastasized from colorectal cancer. PMCT was used for local control of the lesions, and the efficacy of this treatment was assessed. METHODS: In 15 patients, a microwave electrode (specially designed for this purpose, 25 cm long and 2.0 mm thick) was inserted percutaneously into the tumor area under ultrasonic guidance. Microwaves at 80 watts were used to irradiate the tumor and the surrounding area. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 15 metastatic tumors were radically ablated by 3-10 applications of microwave irradiation. Although the follow-up period was short (9-37 months), 10 patients survived. No recurrence has been detected in the treated area (except two foci where PMCT was insufficient), and no serious side effects or complications were encountered during or after the PMCT. In four of the five nonsurviving patients, death was due to metastases to the bone, brain, lung, or other areas of the liver despite complete local tumor control by PMCT. CONCLUSION: PMCT is a safe and effective treatment for metachronous small liver tumors that have metastasized from colorectal cancer9DB - MEDLINE UI - 99145221 IN - Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan CM - Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Feb;94(2):299-300 JC - 3he, 0421030 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990225 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990225 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0002-9270-ZSSeki,T. Tamai,T. Nakagawa,T. Imamura,M. Nishimura,A. Yamashiki,N. Ikeda,K. Inoue,K.f 2000Combination therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma$ Cancer896 1245-1251 9/15/200018 pts with HCC between 2 and 3cm. Chemoembo followed by MCT. 80w for 60s. Hypothesize that reduced arterial flow by embolization enhances MCT effect, also edema following TACE enhances dielectric heating. 17/18 complete necrosis after 4-6 irradiations in 1-2 sessions. mean 21.5m F/U with no recurrence at MCT site but 9 total recurrences. All retreated, 4/9 had further recurrences.55`Z*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Chemoembolization,Therapeutic/mt [Methods] *Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] 0 (alpha-Fetoproteins) Aged Alanine Transaminase/bl [Blood] alpha-Fetoproteins/me [Metabolism] Aspartate Transaminase/bl [Blood] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/bl [Blood] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/en [Enzymology] Combined Modality Therapy complications EC 1-1-1-27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase) EC 2-6-1-1 (Aspartate Transaminase) EC 2-6-1-2 (Alanine Transaminase) Electrocoagulation/ae [Adverse Effects] Female Human Lactate Dehydrogenase/bl [Blood] Liver Neoplasms/bl [Blood] Liver Neoplasms/en [Enzymology] Liver/en [Enzymology] Liver/pp [Physiopathology] Male methods Middle Age Necrosis Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/di [Diagnosis] Prognosis Recurrence therapy United States Pleural EffusionBACKGROUND: A small number of microwave electrode insertions and microwave irradiations were used to obtain complete tumor necrosis in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) measuring > 2.0 cm but 2.0 cm but /= 5 mm). Necroses of tumors and noncancerous margins surrounding the tumors were obtained using 4 microwave irradiations (1 session) in 14 patients, 5 microwave irradiations (2 sessions) in 2 patients, and 6 microwave irradiations (2 sessions) in 1 patient. The follow-up period was short (12-31 mos), and all patients remained alive. No local recurrences in the treated areas were detected. No fatal complications were observed. Pleural effusion was observed in 1 patient only. CONCLUSIONS: This combined therapy of PMCT applied within 1-2 days of TACE effectively treated HCCs measuring > 2.0 cm but Portal V> HA. Also saw increased lesion size with increased power. 225u*Electrocoagulation *Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] *Liver/bs [Blood Supply] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged Animal blood Female Human Laparotomy Liver Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/pa [Pathology] Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/sc [Secondary] Liver Neoplasms,Experimental/su [Surgery] Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] Male methods Middle Age Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Recurrence Regional Blood Flow surgery Swine therapy Treatment Outcome United States BACKGROUND: Although percutaneous microwave coagulation is relatively noninvasive therapy for patients with hepatic tumors, coagulation of tumors is sometimes incomplete and local recurrence occurs. The authors hypothesized that the cause of incomplete coagulation was a cooling effect in surrounding hepatic blood flow. To prove this hypothesis and to improve the efficacy of this therapy, they interrupted hepatic blood flow during the treatment and measured the amount of tumor tissue coagulated by microwave. METHODS: The authors first performed an animal experiment on pigs. After laparotomy, the liver of an anesthetized pig was coagulated by microwave with or without interruption of hepatic blood flow; the interruption was achieved by squeezing hepatic blood vessels. Next, the authors applied the microwave coagulation percutaneously to 25 human patients with primary or metastatic carcinoma in the liver with or without intraoperative temporary interruption of hepatic blood flow; the interruption was achieved by inflating balloon catheters inserted in the hepatic blood vessels through femoral vessels. RESULTS: The greatest dimension of area of normal liver tissue coagulated by microwave with blood flow interruption was significantly (P < 0.001) larger (18.8 +/- 1.0 mm, n = 4) than without it (9.8 +/- 1.7 mm, n = 4) in the experiment with pigs. In human hepatic tumors, the greatest dimension of the area coagulated by microwave with blood flow interruption was also significantly (P < 0.001) larger (41.1 +/- 9.3 mm, n = 14) than without it (26.9 +/- 8.5 mm, n = 11). The local recurrence rate of the tumor during a period of 6 months after the treatment was lower (P < 0.05) with blood flow interruption (7%) than without it (45%). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative interruption of hepatic blood flow increases the areas of primary and metastatic hepatic tumors coagulated by microwave. It is expected to increase the efficacy of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for patients with hepatic tumors. Copyright 2000 American Cancer Societypf_DB - MEDLINE UI - 20108737 IN - Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan JC - clz, CLZ, CLZ, 0374236 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 20000216 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 20000216 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0008-543XeVOhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/75504452/FILE?TPL=ftx_start0.(Shibata,T. Niinobu,T. Ogata,N. Takami,M. 2000^WMicrowave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinomap Cancer892o276-2843 7/15/2000$30 patients randomized to resection and open MCT. Equivalent 1,2,and 3 year survival. Complications equivalent. Lower blood loss in MCT.58*Colorectal Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] *Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/sc [Secondary] *Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Adult Aged Aged,80 and over blood Colorectal Neoplasms/bl [Blood] Comparative Study Electrocoagulation/ae [Adverse Effects] Female Hepatectomy Human Laparotomy Liver Liver Neoplasms/bl [Blood] Male methods Microwaves/ae [Adverse Effects] Middle Age surgery Survival Analysis Survival Rate therapy Ultrasonography United StatesBACKGROUND: Compared with other treatments, microwave coagulation is a relatively less invasive treatment for various kinds of solid tumors. Although its effectiveness in primary hepatocellular carcinoma has been shown, its effectiveness in the treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma has been unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness in the treatment of multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma by comparing this technique with that of hepatic resection. METHODS: Thirty patients with multiple metastatic colorectal tumors in the liver who were potentially amenable to hepatic resection were randomly assigned to treatment with microwave coagulation (14 patients) or hepatectomy (16 patients). Tumors in the microwave group were coagulated after laparotomy at an output of 60-100 W for 2-20 minutes under the guide of ultrasonography, whereas tumors in the hepatectomy group were treated with lobectomy, segmentectomy, subsegmentectomy, and/or wedge resection. RESULTS: One-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates and mean survival times were 71%, 57%, 14%, and 27 months, respectively, in the microwave group, whereas they were 69%, 56%, 23%, and 25 months, respectively, in the hepatectomy group. The difference between these two groups was statistically not significant (P = 0.83). On the other hand, the amount of intraoperative blood loss in the microwave group (360 +/- 230 mL) was smaller than that in the hepatectomy group (910 +/- 490 mL, P < 0.05). Blood transfusion was necessary for 6 patients in the hepatectomy group, but it was not necessary in the microwave group. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave coagulation therapy is suggested to be equally effective as hepatic resection in the treatment of multiple (two to nine) hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma, whereas its surgical invasiveness is less than that of hepatic resection. Copyright 2000 American Cancer SocietyDB - MEDLINE UI - 20378867 IN - Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan JC - clz, CLZ, CLZ, 0374236 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English EM - 20000815 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 20000815 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0008-543XVOhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/75501822/FILE?TPL=ftx_start S8H\pjIshikawa, T. Kohno, T. Shibayama, T. Fukushima, Y. Obi, S. Teratani, T. Shiina, S. Shiratori, Y. Omata, M.haThoracoscopic thermal ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma located beneath the diaphragmr Endoscopyr 2001338 697-702 JDBACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Percutaneous interstitial thermal ablation therapy effectively treats hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can be visualized on percutaneous ultrasonography. However, when the tumor is located just under the top of the diaphragm, visualization can be difficult with conventional ultrasonographic examination. There are also problems concerning complete tumor ablation. We performed thoracoscopic thermal ablation therapy for HCC located just beneath the diaphragm in nine patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients underwent thoracoscopic microwave coagulation therapy, and one patient underwent thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation therapy. RESULTS: Despite the poor hepatic reserve, postoperative recovery after thoracoscopic thermal ablation therapy was rapid in all patients, without deterioration of hepatic function. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that the new technique of thoracoscopic thermal ablation therapy is a less invasive optional therapy for HCC located in segments VII or VIII in cirrhotic patients.~wItamoto, T. Katayama, K. Fukuda, S. Fukuda, T. Yano, M. Nakahara, H. Okamoto, Y. Sugino, K. Marubayashi, S. Asahara, T..voPercutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for primary or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term resultsoHepato-GastroenterologyS 20014841 1401-5Aged Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mo [Mortality] Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] *Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] Female Follow-Up Studies Human *Hyperthermia, Induced Liver Neoplasms/mo [Mortality] Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] Male Middle Age Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mo [Mortality] Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pa [Pathology] *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/th [Therapy] Neoplasm Staging Survival Rate Treatment Outcome*$BACKGROUND/AIMS: To clarify the indication of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-three hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy were enrolled in this study, including 18 primary and 15 recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma patients. We examined the local recurrence rates and the long-term results after the treatment. RESULTS: The overall survival rates of the primary group at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 94.4%, 77.8%, 77.8%, 77.8% and 48.6%, respectively, whereas those of the recurrent group were 100%, 85.7%, 66.7% and 50.0% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Local recurrence after percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy was found in about 50% of patients in both groups. Seventeen of the 27 patients (63.0%) with a moderately or poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tumor had local recurrence, while none of the 6 patients with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tumor did (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of primary or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, the indication of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy as an alternative to hepatic resection should be limited to cases of a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tumor smaller than 2 cm in diameter.piIzumi,N. Asahina,Y. Noguchi,O. Uchihara,M. Kanazawa,N. Itakura,J. Himeno,Y. Miyake,S. Sakai,T. Enomoto,N.i 2001Risk factors for distant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver after complete coagulation by microwave or radiofrequency ablationl Cancer915l949-956,3/1/2001RF and MW in HCC. Non-randomized. Exclude local (same subsegment) recurrence as treatment failure. F/U with serial CT. 26% distant intrahepatic recurrence rate, mean F/U 22 months. Disease-free median survival was 18months.n171 PM:11251946 6/Aged Carcinoma,Hepatocellular Catheter Ablation complications Female Hepatitis C Human Incidence Laparoscopy Liver Liver Neoplasms Male methods Microwaves Middle Age Neoplasm Recurrence,Local pathology Radio Waves Recurrence Risk Factors surgery therapeutic use therapy United States Risk Liver DiseasesBACKGROUND: In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recurrences in the distant liver often are observed after curative treatment. Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have been developed as less invasive alternatives than surgical resection for small HCCs. In the current study, risk factors for distant recurrence of HCC were analyzed in patients in whom complete coagulation was achieved. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with HCCs < 3 cm in greatest dimension were treated by MCT or RFA percutaneously or laparoscopically. Eighty-four patients in whom complete coagulation was achieved without recurrence in the same subsegment as the primary nodule were included in this study. Distant recurrences were observed in 22 patients. Fifteen possible risk factors for a distant recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: When comparing the patients with a recurrence of HCC nodules in the remnant liver to those without recurrence, the authors observed a statistically significant difference only in serum alpha-fetoprotein. The distant recurrence-free survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. A statistically significant difference was observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as an etiopathic agent of underlying liver diseases (P < 0.005) and in the number of the primary HCC nodules (P < 0.05, log-rank test). A multivariate stepwise Cox hazard model revealed that HCV infection and the number of primary HCC nodules were statistically independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had more than two HCC nodules accompanied by HCV infection had a high incidence of recurrence of HCC in the remnant liver, even when coagulation by microwave or ablation by radiofrequency was complete. Copyright 2001 American Cancer SocietyUI - 21149990 LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article DA - 20010319 IS - 0008-543X SB - AIM SB - IM CY - United States JC - CLZ RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in FileVOhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/77502951/FILE?TPL=ftx_start'ztDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red-Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. nizumi@musaschino.jrc.or.jpsubset who have lowered hepatic functional reserve. Conventionally, such cases have been treated by TAE and/or PEIT. For the tumors in segments 7 or 8, as termed by Couinaud, which are located just beneath the diaphragm and are difficult to investigate by ultrasonography (US), or to perform PEIT, we have recently applied laparoscopic microwave coagulo-necrotic therapy (LMCNT) with the guidance of US and in some cases, thoracoscopic MCNT (TMCNT), which is performed across the diaphragm to necrotize the tumor, again with the help of US. Here, we report some cases treated by this technique, and the intraoperative color doppler US, which helps evaluate the effectiveness of MCNTVODB - MEDLINE UI - 96018323 IN - Second Department of Surgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan JC - a93, 9109598 Journal Subset AIM Journals CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 199510 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 199510 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 1052-3901- ' XfLiver/ra [Radiography] Liver/re [Radiation Effects]Liver/su [Surgery]hod Liver/surgery Liver/us [Ultrasonography]Lung Magnetic Resonance ImagingMalerMesenteric Arteries methodsntMicroscopy, Confocal Microwaves Microwaves/*therapeutic use$Microwaves/ae [Adverse Effects] Microwaves/therapeutic use Middle AgePatModels, BiologicalModels,Structural Morbidity mortalityMultivariate Analysis Necrosisg Needles Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,)Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mo [Mortality],)Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pa [Pathology]Neoplasm Recurrence,Local,(Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/di [Diagnosis],(Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/pa [Pathology]83Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/pc [Prevention & Control],&Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/su [Surgery],&Neoplasm Recurrence,Local/th [Therapy]Neoplasm SeedingNeoplasm StagingNeoplasm TransplantationNeoplasm, ResidualNeoplasm,Residual("Neoplasm,Residual/ra [Radiography]$Neoplasm,Residual/th [Therapy] Neoplasms0-Oxidoreductases/ai [Antagonists & Inhibitors]$ Pain,Postoperative/et [Etiology]Palliative Care pathology(%Peritoneal Neoplasms/ra [Radiography]Pilot ProjectsPleural Effusiono Portal System/ph [Physiology] Portal Vein Portography Postoperative Complications85Postoperative Complications/pc [Prevention & Control]0,Postoperative Complications/ra [Radiography] Probability Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Rabbits Radiation Radio Waves$Radiographic Image EnhancementRatsrRats,Inbred Strainsod RecurrencelasReference ValuesiRegional Blood FlowRemission InductionRetrospective StudiesRisk Risk Factors Safety($Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Skin Diseases/et [Etiology]Statistics,NonparametricSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Support,Non-U.S.Gov'tSupport,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S. surgeryisDASurgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive/*instrumentation/*methods,&Surgical Procedures,Minimally InvasiveSurvival Analysis Survival RateSwine Temperaturetherapeutic use therapynt ThoracoscopysThrombolytic Therapy Thrombosis/dt [Drug Therapy] Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed Tomography,Emission-ComputedTomography,X-Ray Computed TransducersTreatment OutcomeTumor Cells,Cultured,'Ultrasonic Therapy/is [Instrumentation]Ultrasonography Ultrasonography,Doppler,Color$Ultrasonography,Interventional United States82Urinary Plasminogen Activator/tu [Therapeutic Use]thermal coagulation demonstrated by the US applicators provides greater potential to target a specific region of tissueoDB - MEDLINE UI - 21081662 IN - Radiation Oncology Department, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA JC - m82, M82, M82, 0425746 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English NO - CA 68421 (NCI) EM - 20010419. Entry Week: 20010419 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0094-2405l5 1988 TY - JOURRLUse of polyacrylamide as a tissue-equivalent material in the microwave range2+IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering354275-277JCAndreuccetti, D. Bini, M. Ignesti, A. Olmi, R. Rubino, N. Vanni, R.vhahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WS6-403TPR0-2K1/1/4c54620605b29a19032fea2e343407c0a`ZThe use of polyacrylamide gel to simulate biological tissues at microwave frequencies is presented. Formulation and preparation procedures are discussed. Measurements of complex permittivity in the range from 0.75 to 5.5 GHz, together with its temperature sensitivity, are reported. Thermal and optical properties have also been measured: the polyacrylamide is transparent and may be used as a phantom material in designing and testing applicators for microwave hyperthermia and for dosimetry studies. [Journal Article; A09; U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code: 0018-9294/88/0400-0275$ 01.00; 13 Refs] 274gNHThoracoscopic microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinomaAsahara,T. Katayama,K. Itamoto,T. Okamoto,Y. Nakahara,H. Yoshioka,S. Ono,E. Dohi,K. Kitamoto,M. Nakanishi,T. Moriwaki,K. Shiroyama,K. Yuge,O.i 1998 9/1998<6*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/su [Surgery] *Electrocoagulation/mt [Methods] *Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged complications Electrocoagulation/ae [Adverse Effects] Female Human Liver Liver Cirrhosis Male Middle Age mortality Prognosis surgery therapy Thoracoscopy Pleural Effusion125-131o,%Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciencesu473oThoracoscopic microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) is a new therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in segments VII and VIII, which allows minimal access to the tumor and complete tumor ablation. In this study, four patients with HCC in segments VII and VIII underwent thoracoscopic MCT as a less invasive therapeutic option due to advanced liver cirrhosis and/or severe complications. Tumor sizes ranged from 15 to 30 mm in diameter and the tumors were well differentiated in 2 patients, moderately in one and poorly in one patient. Microwave irradiation was performed at an 80 W output with a 60-sec duration via a thoracoscopic route and the total duration ranged from 4 to 24 min (mean: 17 min). Patients recovered rapidly to preoperative conditions and no mortality was occurred. Complications were observed in one patient, including pleural effusion and fever elevation, but were cured conservatively. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) showed complete tumor ablation with a cancer-free margin, which is thought to be equivalent to a limited hepatic resection. This preliminary study suggests that thoracoscopic MCT might be a new, less invasive option providing a cure for HCC in segments VII and VIII in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and severe complicationsVPDB - MEDLINE UI - 99028480 IN - Second Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan JC - g8v, 0421060 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Japan PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19981201 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19981201 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0018-2052 478NGPercutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinomaAsahara,T. Nakahara,H. Fukuda,T. Nakatani,T. Yano,M. Hino,H. Okamoto,Y. Katayama,K. Itamoto,T. Ono,E. Dohi,K. Kitamoto,M. Nakanishi,T. 199812/1998o*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/th [Therapy] *Liver Neoplasms/th [Therapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Adult Aged Aged,80 and over Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/pa [Pathology] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/su [Surgery] Comparative Study Disease-Free Survival Female Hepatectomy Human Liver Neoplasms/pa [Pathology] Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] Male Middle Age Recurrence surgery Survival Rate therapym151-155n,%Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences 474tWe evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) as compared with hepatectomy in 19 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 6 patients with tumors more than 3 cm in diameter, coagulation was inadequate after a single session of PMCT. Patients with multiple tumors had recurrence within 1 year. For single tumors 3 cm or less in diameter, the therapeutic effectiveness of PMCT was comparable to that of hepatectomy in cumulative survival and cancer-free survival rates. We conclude that PMCT should be used in the initial treatment of HCC only in patients with single tumors of up to 3 cm in diameter. Surgical removal is recommended for tumors of more than 3 cm in diameterRLDB - MEDLINE UI - 99139144 IN - Department of Surgery II, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan JC - g8v, 0421060 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Japan PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 19990308 Revised: 20001218. Entry Week: 19990308 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0018-2052 M"Ido, K. Isoda, N. Sugano, K.XRMicrowave coagulation therapy for liver cancer: laparoscopic microwave coagulation Review"Journal of Gastroenterology 2001363o 145-5211LEIntraoperative microwave coagulation therapy for large hepatic tumorss|vIshikawa,M. Ikeyama,S. Sasaki,K. Sasaki,K. Miyauchi,T. Fukuda,Y. Miyake,H. Harada,M. Terashima,Y. Yogita,S. Tashiro,S. 2000 2000*Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/rt [Radiotherapy] *Liver Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy] *Microwaves/tu [Therapeutic Use] Aged Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/ra [Radiography] Carcinoma,Hepatocellular/su [Surgery] Case Report Female Human Intraoperative Period Liver Liver Cirrhosis Liver Neoplasms Liver Neoplasms/ra [Radiography] Liver Neoplasms/su [Surgery] Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male methods Middle Age Necrosis Needles Recurrence surgery therapy Tomography,X-Ray Computed Neoplasms587-591a2,Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery7Y6.We report new surgical techniques for intraoperative microwave coagulation therapy (IMCT), conducted in three patients with large liver neoplasms with poor liver function or difficult tumor location. Anterolateral thoracotomy was performed for tumors in the right lobe to obtain a good operative field. Four electrode needles were inserted for microwave irradiation, with settings of 60 W, 45 s for coagulation and 1 s for dissociation. Clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament was performed during IMCT. We began the coagulation at the bottom of the tumor, irradiating the tumor and the surrounding parenchyma to create regional necrosis with a safe margin. With these methods, we treated two women diagnosed with large hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and a man with liver metastasis from rectal cancer. The postoperative course of these patients was uneventful. A marked low-density area was seen in the region of therapy and no enhanced findings were observed on enhanced computed tomography postoperatively. However, in one patient, transcatheter embolization (TAE) was performed 1 month postoperatively because recurrence was noted on the bottom of the tumor. Thus, IMCT destroys the peripheral part of the tumor that may remain viable after TAE, but combination therapy with TAE is preferable, especially when a viable part exists within tumors. IMCT is an active, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic modality for large hepatic tumors, and is particularly applicable in patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas and poor liver functionjcDB - MEDLINE UI - 21111691 IN - The First Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, 15-3 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan JC - c53, c53 Journal Subset Index Medicus CP - Japan PT - Journal Article LG - English EM - 20010412. Entry Week: 20010412 RefMgr field[1]: Journal RefMgr field[8]: Not in File RefMgr field[26]: 0944-1166 .  Morikawa, H. Moriwaki, K. Murakami, M. Murakami, R. Murakami, T. Muro, M. Nagai, Y. Nagamine, N. Nagasaki, H. Nakagawa, T. Nakahara, H. Nakamura, H. Nakamura, S. Nakanishi, T. Nakano, H. Nakata, T. Nakatani, T. Nakazawa, Y. Nan, Q. Narusue, M. Nau, W.H. Nemoto, H. Nery, J. Nezu, K. Niinobu, T.Nishiguchi, S. Nishiharu, T. Nishimura, A. Noguchi, H. Noguchi, O. Nomura, T. Obi, S. Ochi, H. Ogata, N. Ogawa, M. Ohmoto, K. Ohno, S. Ohno, T. Ohtani, S. Okamoto, E. Okamoto, K. Okamoto, Y. Okamura, A. Okita, K. Okubo, K. Okumura, T. Olmi, R Olmi, R. Omata, M. Onji, M. Ono, E. Ono, K. Oriyama, T. Pacelli, A. Peng, J. Pinna, A. Pisa, S. Reinbold, F.Roehrborn, Claus G. Roy, L. Rubino, N. Sagara, K. Saito, K. Saito, T. Saitoh, M. Sakaguchi, H. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, H. Sakai, T. Sanada, Y. Sasaki, A. Sasaki, H. Sasaki, K. Sasaki, N. Saso, K. Sato, M. Sato, N. Satoh, T. Satoh, Y. Savard, P. Schwade, J. Seki, S. Seki, T.Shariat, Shahrokh Shibata, N. Shibata, T. Shibayama, T. Shiina, S. Shimada, S. Shimizu, J. Shinzawa, H. Shiomi, S. Shiomori, K.Shirahashi, H. Shirakusa, T. Shiratori, Y. Shiro, T. Shiroyama, K. Su, L. Sugahara, K. Sugano, K. Sugino, K. Sugita, A. Sumi, S. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Tabuse, K. Tachibana, M. Taflove, A. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, T. Takai, E. Takami, M. Takamura, M. Takehara, Y. Takesue, M. Tamai, T. Tamura, S. Tanaka, E. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, W. Tang, Z.Y. Tashima, S. Tashiro, S. Taylor, I. Tekin, A. Terashima, Y. Teratani, T. Terui, Y. Togashi, H. Tokui, K.Tri, Jeffrey L. Tsuchiya, Y. Tsuduki, M. Tsuzuki, M. Tzakis, A. G. Uchihara, M. Uchiyama, S. Uda, K. Ueda, N. Ueda, S. Urata, J. Vanni, R Vanni, R. Wagrell, L.Wakabayashi, H.Wakabayashi, M. Wang, H. Wang, P.J. Wang, X.D. Watanabe, H. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, Y. Weppler, D.Whitlock, Sidney V. Xie, Xiao-yan Xin, H. Xu, D.B. Yagi, H. Yamaguchi, K. Yamaguchi, M. Yamamoto, S. Yamanaka, N. Yamasaki, T. Yamashiki, N. Yamashita, Y. Yamaue, H. Yano, M. Yano, T. Yashima, A. Yogita, S. Yoshiba, M. Yoshida, T.Yoshimatsu, S. Yoshioka, S. Yoshizawa, Y. Yu, D. Yu, X. Yu, X.L. Yu, Y.Q. Yuge, O. Yuri, Y. Zeng, X.Q. Zhang, B.H. Zheng, Y.X. Zhou, X.D.( H? 109826237/31 2000@:Microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma 252-91 The efficacy and safety of microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and impaired hepatic reserve were studied. Preoperative background factors, postoperative results, and prognostic factors were compared in 51 patients who underwent hepatic resection (HR group) and 38 patients who underwent microwave coagulation therapy (MCT group). Before surgery, measures of hepatic function, including level of albumin (P = 0.0072), prothrombin time (P<0.0001), hepaplastin test (P = 0.0088), and the radioactivity of technetium-99m galactosyl-human serum albumin 15 min in the liver after injection divided by that in both liver and heart (P <0.0001) were significantly lower in the MCT group than in the HR group. The indocyanine green dye retention rate at 15 min was significantly greater (P<0.0001) in the MCT group than in the HR group, and a significant difference was noted in Child-Pugh grade between the groups (P<0.0001). Operative time (P = 0.0014) and blood loss during surgery (P = 0.0005) were significantly lower in the MCT group than in the HR group. In contrast, no significant differences were recognized between the groups in the changes in postoperative liver function, or in the rates of morbidity, mortality, local recurrence, and survival. Moreover, the type of treatment (HR or MCT) was not a prognostic factor. The results indicate that MCT can be used safely as an alternative to hepatic resection in patients with poor liver function without reducing the efficacy of local control.'tnDepartment of Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8501, Japan.Midorikawa, T. Kumada, K. Kikuchi, H. Ishibashi, K. Yagi, H. Nagasaki, H. Nemoto, H. Saitoh, M. Nakano, H. Yamaguchi, M. Koh, Y. Sakai, H. Yoshizawa, Y. Sanada, Y. Yoshiba, M..(0944-1166 Clinical Trial Journal Article$J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg|uAged Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality/radiography/*surgery Electrocoagulation/*methods Female Follow-Up Studies Human Laparotomy/*methods Liver Function Tests Liver Neoplasms/mortality/radiography/*surgery Male Microwaves/*therapeutic use Middle Age Multivariate Analysis Probability Proportional Hazards Models Survival Rate Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcomelehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10982623`ZMitsuzaki,K. Yamashita,Y. Nishiharu,T. Sumi,S. M